The relationship between physical activity and interpersonal distress in college students: the chain mediating role of self-control and mobile phone addiction

Objective of the study Interpersonal relationships, as an important variable afecting the physical and mental health and future development of individuals, were used to construct a structural equation model between physical activity and interpersonal relationships in order to help college students better adapt to society and achieve a high level of mental health. Methods SPSS 27.0 software was used to statistically analyze the data, and Amos 28.0 software was used to construct the model between variables. The results showed that physical activity directly predicted the interpersonal relationship status of college students (ß= −0.108, 95% CI [−0.210,−0.005]), and the chain mediating efect of physical activity→self-control→mobile phone addiction tendency→interpersonal relationship distress was signifcant (ß= −0.012, 95% CI [−0.033,−0.003]). The results of this study suggest that physical activity may be viewed as an efective intervention strategy to mitigate the interpersonal challenges that college students may face in the future.

Psychometric properties of the BALCI Turkish version

The present study aimed to adapt and validate the Beliefs About Losing Control Inventory (BALCI) in the non-clinical Turkish emerging adults sample. The study group consisted of 549 participants from three study phases and aged between 18 and 28 years and mainly women. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the BALCI Turkish Version (BALCI-TV) confirmed 21 items in three factors. The network analysis findings showed that the items including the factors were together. The results indicated that configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across the gender. Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω of the total BALCI-TV were .90. Test-retest correlation result was .89. All results indicated that the BALCI-TV had good psychometric properties. The BALCI-TV can be provided to measure control and beliefs related to control within obsessive-compulsive disorder for Turkish academics and mental health practitioners.

Inteligencia emocional en residentes de Cirugía General: análisis de una encuesta nacional / Emotional intelligence among residents in general surgery: analysis of a national survey

RESUMEN Antecedentes: la inteligencia emocional (IE) es la capacidad de reconocer nuestros propios sentimientos y los de los demás, de motivarnos y de manejar adecuadamente las relaciones interpersonales. La IE se ha relacionado con muchas competencias no técnicas necesarias entre los médicos en formación. Objetivo: describir las características psicométricas de la IE en médicos residentes de Cirugía General de la Argentina y analizar los efectos que ejercen sobre ella la edad, el sexo, el ámbito de desempeño y el año de residencia. Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo, analítico de corte transversal; se utilizó la encuesta anónima y autogestionada Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF v1.5) respondida en línea durante el mes de marzo de 2020. Se aplicó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para variables cuantitativas, pruebas T y la prueba ANOVA (IC 95%, p estadística α 0,05). Resultados: fueron respondidas 156 encuestas, de las cuales 105 (67,3%) corresponden a mujeres y 51 (32,7%) a hombres. Edad promedio: 29,02 ± 3,69 años. El promedio global de la prueba fue de 4,58 ± 0,89. El análisis ANOVA demostró que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas de la dimensión bienestar entre los diferentes años de residencia (p = 0,002) así como en puntajes globales de IE (p = 0,0001). Conclusión: la IE es un modelo atractivo y eficaz para definir y capacitar a los futuros cirujanos generales en competencias no técnicas. Estos hallazgos son importantes para generar nuevas propuestas de formación.

ABSTRACT Background: Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to recognize our own feelings and those of others, to motivate us and properly manage relationships. EI encompasses many non-technical skills that are important for physicians in training. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric characteristics of EI among residents in general surgery in Argentina and to analyze the effects of age, sex, scope of practice and postgraduate year level on it. Material and methods: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional analytic study using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF v1.5), a self-report and anonymous survey that was answered on-line during March 2020. The statistical analysis was performed by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for quantitative variables, Student's t-test and ANOVA (95% CI, p statistic α 0.05). Results: The survey was responded by 156 physicians; 105 (67.3%) were women and 51 (32.7%) were men (mean age: 29.02 ± 3.69 years). Mean global score was 4.58 ± 0.89. ANOVA showed statistically significant differences in the well-being dimension and global scores of EI across the different postgraduate year levels (p = 0.002 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: EI is an attractive and effective model for defining and training future general surgeons in non-technical skills. These findings are important for generating new proposals for training.

Psychometric properties of the portuguese self-monitoring scale: a reduced item version / Propriedades psicométricas da escala portuguesa de self-monitoring: uma versão reduzida / Propiedades psicométricas de la escala portuguesa de self-monitoring: una versión reducida

This study aimed to contribute to the adaptation of the Self-Monitoring Scale for a Portuguese sample and the examination of the possibility of reducing the scale's length. Considering the psychometric inconsistency of the scale reported in the literature, several analysis criteria to identify the number of factors to be retained were considered. The study included 791 Portuguese men and women aged 17 to 61 years. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis to assess construct validity, Cronbach's alpha to assess internal consistency, and fit indices (based on IRT). The results indicate a two-dimensional structure with a reduction to 9 items, which shows good values for validity and fit. This study proposes a reduced version of the self-monitoring scale for a Portuguese sample, considering that the use of this method is valuable to identify how individuals differ in the way they present themselves in social situations. (AU)

Este estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para a adaptação da Self-Monitoring Scale numa amostra Portuguesa e análise da possibilidade de reduzir o tamanho da escala. Além disso, e considerando a inconsistência psicométrica da escala relatada na literatura, foram considerados vários critérios de análise para identificar o número de fatores a reter. O estudo abrangeu 791 homens e mulheres Portugueses com idades entre os 17 e os 61 anos. A análise dos dados incluiu estatística descritiva, validade de construto (Análise Fatorial Confirmatória), consistência interna e índice de ajustamento (TRI). Os resultados apontam para uma estrutura bidimensional com uma redução para 9 itens, mostrando bons valores de validade e ajustamento. Este estudo propõe uma versão reduzida da escala de self-monitoramento para uma amostra Portuguesa, considerando que a utilização deste método é uma mais-valia para identificar como os indivíduos diferem na forma como se apresentam em situações sociais. (AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo contribuir a la adaptación de la Self-Monitoring Scale en una muestra portuguesa y analizar la posibilidad de reducir el tamaño de la escala. Además, teniendo en cuenta la inconsistencia psicométrica de la escala reportada en la literatura, se consideraron varios criterios de análisis para identificar el número de factores a retener. El estudio incluyó a 791 hombres y mujeres portugueses de entre 17 y 61 años. El análisis de los datos incluyó estadística descriptiva, validez del constructo (Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio), consistencia interna e índice de ajuste (TRI). Los resultados apuntan a una estructura bidimensional con una reducción a 9 ítems, mostrando buenos índices de validez y ajuste. Este estudio propone una versión reducida de la escala de automonitoramento para una muestra portuguesa, mientras que el uso de este método es particularmente valioso para identificar cómo los individuos se diferencian en la forma en que se presentan en situaciones sociales. (AU)

Efeitos da terapia floral sobre o estado de ansiedade em mulheres no climatério / Effects of floral therapy on the state of anxiety in climacteric women

Introdução: O climatério corresponde ao período de vida da mulher onde ocorre a transição do ciclo reprodutivo para o não reprodutivo. Ocorre habitualmente entre os 40 e 65 anos, constituindo-se por um período de inúmeras mudanças. O uso da terapia floral nesta fase de vida pode ser visto como terapêutica única ou complementar ao tratamento convencional. Objetivos específicos: analisar as queixas clínicas de mulheres no climatério sob acompanhamento e sua relação com os indicadores do Diagnóstico de Enfermagem Ansiedade; avaliar os efeitos da terapia floral no autocontrole do estado de ansiedade em mulheres vivendo o climatério. Método: Intervenção clínica individualizada, quase- experimental, comparativo, do tipo antes-depois, com abordagem quantitativa, aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, tendo respeitado todos os preceitos éticos de pesquisas com seres humanos. O campo da pesquisa foi o Núcleo de Atenção em Práticas Integrativas e Complementares de Saúde (NAPICS), da Rede de Atenção Básica do município de Maricá/RJ. As participantes foram mulheres na faixa etária compreendida entre 40 e 65 anos, independentemente de estarem, ou não, em uso de terapia hormonal, selecionadas por conveniência. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de março a novembro de 2019, através de consulta de enfermagem individual, com acompanhamento por seis meses seguidos, sendo um encontro a cada mês. Adotou-se a entrevista individual, guiada por um roteiro semiestruturado, seguido da aplicação da escala tipo Likert para classificação dos resultados de enfermagem relacionados ao Autocontrole da Ansiedade, empregada em todas as consultas. Os frascos contendo os florais foram preparados pela pesquisadora e entregues às mulheres a partir da terceira consulta. Todas as consultas foram gravadas em meio magnético e transcritas na íntegra para posterior análise. O programa utilizado para análise foi o IBM SPSS Statistics version 24. Descrição apresentada na forma de frequência observada, porcentagem, valores mínimo e máximo, medidas de tendência central e de variabilidade. O teste não paramétrico de Friedman comparou os escores do autocontrole da ansiedade entre as consultas. O nível alfa de significância utilizado foi de 5%. Adotou-se conceitos da Teoria de Martha Elizabeth Rogers como sustentação da terapia implementada. Resultados e Discussão: Todas as consultas de enfermagem seguiram os preceitos de acolhimento e integralidade no cuidado em saúde, preconizados pelo SUS. Os resultados confirmam o perfil das mulheres que substancialmente procuram a rede básica de saúde: baixa renda familiar, ocupações compatíveis a pouca escolaridade e, ainda, desemprego. Não realizam atividadfísica 79,37% das participantes. Além da ansiedade, as mulheres apresentam tristeza (100,00%); fadiga/cansaço (98,41%); dor nas articulações (96,83%); fogachos/ondas de calor (95,24%), insônia (93,65%), cefaleia (88,89%) e dormência (88,89%). No âmago das tecnologias de cuidado no climatério, a terapia floral vem angariando espaço, vez que atende aos princípios de integralidade da mulher, elevando sua autoestima e bem-estar. Conclusão: Os resultados da investigação após o desenvolvimento de três consultas 'pré intervenção' e três consultas 'pós intervenção', constataram que a terapia floral proporcionou às participantes responderem ao DE Ansiedade de forma satisfatória, quando se compara as consultas pré e pós intervenção. Portanto, houve redução dos níveis de ansiedade das participantes do estudo com o uso da terapia floral, deferindo o desfecho pretendido.

Introduction: O climacteric corresponds to the life period of the woman where the transition from the reproductive cycle to the non-reproductive cycle occurs. It usually occurs between 40 and 65 years, constituting for a period of numerous changes. The use of floral therapy in this phase of life can be seen as a single therapy or complementary to conventional treatment. Specific objectives: to analyze the clinical complaints of women in the climacteric under follow-up and their relationship with the indicators of the Anxiety Nursing Diagnosis; evaluate the effects of floral therapy on self-control of anxiety status in women living in climacteric. Method: Individualized, almost experimental, comparative clinical intervention, of the type before-after, with quantitative approach, approved by the Research Ethics Committee, having respected all ethical precepts of research with human beings. The field of research was the Center for Attention in Integrative and Complementary Health Practices (NAPICS), of the Primary Care Network of the municipality of Maricá/RJ. The participants were women between 40 and 65 years old, regardless of whether or not they were using hormone therapy, selected for convenience. Data collection was performed from March to November 2019, through individual nursing consultation, with follow-up for six months in a row, being a meeting each month. The individual interview was adopted, guided by a semi- structured script, followed by the application of the Likert scale to classify nursing outcomes related to Self-Control Anxiety, used in all consultations. The vials containing the florals were prepared by the researcher and delivered to the women from the third consultation. All consultations were recorded in magnetic medium and transcribed in full for further analysis. The program used for analysis was IBM SPSS Statistics version 24. Description presented in the form of observed frequency, percentage, minimum and maximum values, measures of central tendency and variability. Friedman's nonparametric test compared anxiety self-control scores between appointments. The alpha level of significance used was 5%. Concepts of Martha Roger's Theory were adopted as support for the implemented therapy. Results and Discussion: All nursing consultations followed the precepts of reception and integrality in health care, recommended by the SUS. The results confirm the profile of women who substantially seek the basic health network: low family income, occupations compatible with low schooling and also unemployment. 79.37% of the participants did not perform physical activity. In addition to anxiety, women present sadness (100.00%); fatigue/tiredness (98.41%); joint pain (96.83%); hot flashes (95.24%), insomnia (93.65%), headache (88.89%) and numbness (88.89%). At the heart of climacteric care technologies, floral therapy has been gathering space, since it meets the principles of integrality of women, raising their self-esteem and well-being. Conclusion: The results of the research after the development of three 'pre- intervention' consultations and three 'post-intervention' consultations found that floral therapy allowed participants to respond to ED Anxiety satisfactorily when com commencing pre- and post-intervention consultations. Therefore, there was a reduction in the anxiety levels of the study participants with the use of floral therapy, deferring the intended outcome.

Violência doméstica e autocontrole com consequências aversivas atrasadas e prováveis / Domestic violence and self-control with delayed and probabilistic aversive consequences / Violencia doméstica y autocontrol con consecuencias aversivas retrasadas y probables

Visando avaliar a relação entre histórico de violência doméstica e autocontrole, 53 homens e 82 mulheres realizaram escolhas em contextos hipotéticos de violência doméstica e de perda de dinheiro, em um programa de computador. No contexto de violência, escolheram entre prisão, para os homens, imediata por um ou seis meses, e prisão após um ano ou com 50% de chance. Com dinheiro, escolheram entre perder R$100,00 imediatamente e perdas com 50% de chance ou após um ano. O tempo de prisão e a perda de dinheiro atrasados/prováveis eram aumentados para avaliar equivalência com as prisões e perdas imediatas. Mulheres e homens sem histórico indicaram menores tempos de prisão atrasados que os homens com histórico. Com dinheiro, os homens com histórico preferiram perdas atrasadas maiores que as mulheres, mas o contrário com probabilidade. Esses dados são compatíveis com maior evitação de consequências imediatas aversivas pelos homens com histórico, um indicativo de maior nível de impulsividade. AU

To assess the relationship between historic of domestic violence and self-control, 53 men and 82 women made choices in hypothetical contexts of domestic violence and money loss using a computer program. In the context of violence, they chose between immediate detention for men for one or six months and detention after one year or with a 50% chance. With money they chose between losing $100 immediately and losses with a 50% chance or after one year. Delayed/probable detention duration and loss of money were increased to assess equivalence with immediate detentions and losses. Women and men without historic violence indicated shorter delayed detention durations than men with historic violence. With money, men with historic violence preferred higher losses than the women, however, presented the opposite regarding probability. These data are compatible with greater avoidance of immediate aversive consequences by men with a history of violence, indicative of a higher level of impulsivity. AU

Con el intuito de evaluar la relación entre el historial de violencia doméstica y el autocontrol, 53 hombres y 82 mujeres tomaron decisiones en contextos hipotéticos de violencia doméstica y pérdida de dinero en un programa de ordenador. En el contexto de violencia para hombres, eligieron entre prisión inmediata por uno o seis meses y prisión pasado un año o 50% de probabilidad. Con dinero, eligieron entre perder R$100,00 de inmediato y pérdidas con una probabilidad del 50% o después de un año. El tiempo de prisión y la pérdida de dinero retrasado/probable se incrementaron para evaluar la equivalencia con las prisiones y las pérdidas inmediatas. Las mujeres y los hombres sin antecedentes indicaron tiempos de prisión más cortos que los hombres con antecedentes. Con el dinero, los hombres con antecedentes prefirieron mayores pérdidas que las mujeres, sin embargo, con la probabilidad justo lo contrario. Estos datos son compatibles con una mayor evitación de consecuencias aversivas inmediatas por parte de hombres con antecedentes de violencia, lo que indica un mayor nivel de impulsividad. AU

Escala Breve de Autocontrole (BSCS): adaptação e validação no contexto brasileiro / Item Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS): psychometric properties of the Brazilian version / Escala Breve de Autocontrol (BSCS): adaptación y validación en el contexto brasileño

A Escala Breve de Autocontrole (BSCS) foi desenvolvida para avaliar diferentes níveis de autocontrole, uma capacidade individual de ativamente alterar os próprios desejos, comportamentos, emoções e pensamentos. Apesar da estabilidade do modelo unidimensional no estudo original, sua replicabilidade estrutural não foi corroborada pela literatura posterior. O presente estudo teve por objetivo oferecer informações sobre validade de construto em amostra brasileira, incluindo avaliação de modelos bidimensionais alternativos. A amostra foi composta por 405 indivíduos (61,2% mulheres) com idades entre 18 e 46 anos (M = 22,32 DP = 4,782). Foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratórias (AFE) e confirmatórias (AFC), e a adequação do modelo foi avaliada por meio de índices de ajuste. Apenas um modelo emergiu satisfatoriamente. Os resultados são discutidos com base na literatura vigente e na relação da escala com outros instrumentos que fazem uso de diversas medidas do construto de autocontrole (Adiamento de Gratificação e Impulsividade). (AU)

The Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) was developed to measure the individual self-control spectrum, as a cognitive skill to actively alter one's own desires, behavior, emotions and thoughts. In the original validation, the BSCS displayed adequate psychometric properties for its unidimensional structure. However, this structure was difficult to replicate in subsequent studies. This study aimed to adapt and to assess evidence of validity of the measure for a Brazilian sample. The sample was composed of 405 individuals (61.2% women) with ages ranging from 18 to 46 years (M = 22.32 SD = 4.782). Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis were conducted, and the adequacy of the model was assessed by means of model fit indexes. Only one model was found to be appropriate. The results are discussed based on recent scientific data and the relations between the scale and other instruments that evaluate diverse self-control measures (Delaying Gratification and Impulsivity). (AU)

La Escala Breve de Autocontrol (BSCS) fue desarrollada para evaluar diferentes niveles de autocontrol, una capacidad individual alterar activamente la propia voluntad, comportamientos, emociones y pensamientos. En su estudio de validación, el instrumento presentó buenas propiedades psicométricas en su modelo unidimensional. No obstante, tal estructura no fue encontrada en investigaciones posteriores. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo proporcionar información sobre la validez de constructo en una muestra brasileña, incluyendo la evaluación de modelos bidimensionales alternativos. Participaron de la muestra 405 individuos (61,2% mujeres) con edades entre 18 y 46 años (M = 22,32 DS = 4,782). Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios (AFE) y confirmatorios (AFC). Se evaluó la adecuación del modelo por medio de índices de ajuste. Solo un modelo obtuvo resultados satisfactorios. Los resultados se discuten con base en la literatura vigente y en la relación de la escala con otros instrumentos que hacen uso de diversas medidas del constructo de autocontrol (Aplazamiento de la Gratificación e Impulsividad). (AU)

Autocontrol y desempeño escolar en lengua y matemática / Self-control and school achievement in language and mathematics

Se ha destacado que uno de los aspectos más relevantes para el desempeño académico (DA) de los niños es el AC (autocontrol), definido como la capacidad para modular la cognición, la emoción y el comportamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las relaciones entre el AC en el dominio escolar e interpersonal informado por el/la niño/a, sus familiares y docentes; las calificaciones escolares en matemática y prácticas del lenguaje y el desempeño en tareas estandarizadas de comprensión lectora y cálculo aritmético, en 69 niños/as de entre 8 y 12 años de edad. Sólo se encontraron asociaciones entre el AC escolar reportado por el/la docente y el desempeño en la prueba estandarizada de cálculo aritmético. El AC se asoció a las calificaciones académicas en prácticas del lenguaje sólo en 5° grado. Se discuten posibles explicaciones de los resultados y direcciones futuras

It has been highlighted that one of the most relevant aspects related to children's performance in school is self-control, defined as the ability to modulate cognition, emotion and behavior. In this article we analyzed the relationships between self-control in the interpersonal and schoolwork domain reported by the child, their parents and teachers and academic achievement in terms of report card grades in mathematics and language and performance in standardized tasks of reading comprehension and arithmetic calculation, in 69 children between 8 and 12 years of age. We found associations between the self-control in schoolwork domain reported by the teacher and performance in the standardized arithmetic calculation task. Self-control was associated with report card grades in language learning. Possible explanations for this pattern of results and future directions are discussed

Predictors of behavioral problems in adolescents: family, personal and demographic variables / Preditores de problemas comportamentais em adolescentes: variáveis familiares, pessoais e demográficas / Predictores de problemas conductuales en adolescentes: variables familiares, personales y demográficas

This study aimed to correlate, compare and identify the family, personal and demographic variables that may predict behavioral problems in adolescents. A total of 300 adolescents participated, 230 with behavioral problems (177 girls and 53 boys; M= 14.00 years; SD=1.24) and 70 without (47 girls and 23 boys; M=14.09 years; SD=1.33). Data was collected through questionnaires and inventories completed by adolescents and analyzed using Pearson's correlation, Student's t-tests and multiple binary logistic regression. Results showed low self-control as a risk factor and social skills and low frequency of physical abuse and maternal neglect as protection factors. The model evaluated had a reasonable predictive power (79.9%, specificity 93.9% and sensitivity 34.3%). The findings contribute to the prevention of behavioral problems in adolescents. (AU)

O estudo teve por objetivo correlacionar, comparar e identificar as variáveis familiares, pessoais e demográficas que podem ser preditivas para problemas de comportamento de adolescentes. Participaram 300 adolescentes, sendo 70 sem problemas de comportamentos (47 meninas e 23 meninos; M = 14,09 anos e DP = 1,33) e 230 com problemas de comportamento (177 meninas e 53 meninos; M = 14,00 anos; DP = 1,24). Os dados foram coletados via questionários e inventários aplicados com os adolescentes e foram analisados via correlação de Pearson, teste t de Student, regressão logística múltipla binária. Os resultados apontaram que baixo autocontrole foi fator de risco e desenvoltura social, baixa frequência de abuso físico e negligência materna foram fatores de proteção. O modelo avaliado apresentou razoável poder preditivo (79,9%, sendo a especificidade foi de 93,9% e a sensibilidade de 34,3%). Os achados contribuem para a prevenção de problemas de comportamento em adolescentes. (AU)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo correlacionar, comparar e identificar las variables familiares, personales y demográficas que pueden ser predictores de problemas de comportamiento en adolescentes. Participaron 300 adolescentes, 70 sin problemas de comportamiento (47 niñas y 23 niños; M=14,09 años; D.P= 1,33) y 230 con problemas de comportamiento (177 niñas y 53 niños; M= 14,00 años; D.P=1,24). Los datos fueron recogidos a través de cuestionarios e inventarios aplicados a los adolescentes, y se analizaron utilizando correlación de Pearson, Test t de Student, y regresión logística múltiple binaria. Los resultados indicaron que el bajo autocontrol fue un factor de riesgo, mientras que el desarrollo social, la baja frecuencia de abuso físico y negligencia materna fueron factores de protección. El modelo evaluado presentó un poder predictor razonable (79,9%, siendo la especificidad de 93,9% y la sensibilidad de 34,3). Los resultados contribuyen en la prevención de problemas de comportamiento en adolescentes. (AU)

Salud mental positiva en adolescentes mexicanos: diferencias por sexo / Positive Mental Health in Mexican Adolescents: Differences by Sex

Resumen La evidencia empírica acerca de las diferencias de la salud mental positiva respecto al sexo, son escasas, incluso controversiales. El objetivo es analizar la salud mental positiva entre hombres y mujeres. La muestra está compuesta por 533 participantes de la Ciudad de Toluca, Estado de México. Todos estudiantes de nivel medio superior, hombres (44.4%) y mujeres (55.6%), entre 14 y 20 años. Se aplicó la escala de salud mental positiva (Lluch, 1999). Los resultados mostraron que el 38.3% de la muestra se encuentra en un nivel alto y el 16.1% en muy alto nivel de salud mental positiva. Del análisis descriptivo, la dimensión satisfacción personal puntuó por arriba de la media teórica. Se confirma parcialmente la hipótesis, porque se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en cuatro de las seis dimensiones, en satisfacción personal, actitud prosocial y habilidad de relaciones interpersonales, con puntuaciones más altas para las mujeres y en autocontrol en el grupo de los hombres. Se sugiere continuar con el análisis de la salud mental positiva.

Abstract: Empirical evidence of differences in positive mental health with respect to sex, are sparse, even controversial. The objective here is to analyze positive mental health between men and women. The sample is made up of 533 participants from Toluca, State of Mexico. All were upper-level students, males (44.4%) and females (55.6%), between 14 and 20 years old. The Positive Mental Health Questionaire (PMHQ) was applied (Lluch, 1999). The results showed that 38.3% of the sample is at a high level and 16.1% at a very high level of positive mental health. From the descriptive analysis the personal satisfaction dimension scored above the theoretical average. The hypothesis is partially confirmed, since significant differences were obtained in four of the six dimensions, in personal satisfaction, prosocial attitude and ability for interpersonal relationships, with higher scores for females and self-control. in the male group. We suggest that the analysis of positive mental health be continued

Relación de la autorregulación infantil con sensibilidad materna y contexto familiar a los 12 y 30 meses de edad / Relationship between children self-regulation, maternal sensitivity and family context at 12 and 30 months of age

La autorregulación se refiere a la capacidad del niño/a para modificar su conducta según las demandas del entorno. Esta presenta una gran influencia en el desarrollo infantil, especialmente en el ámbito social. Desde una mirada evolutiva, la autorregulación, como característica temperamental, depende de factores tanto biológicos como contextuales, donde las figuras parentales juegan un rol determinante. En el siguiente estudio se analizó la relación entre la sensibilidad de la madre cuando el niño/a tenía 12 meses y la autorregulación de este tanto a los 12 como a los 30 meses de edad, para examinar si la sensibilidad materna predice la autorregulación infantil a los 30 meses. Además se incluyeron variables del contexto familiar, como tipo de familia, tipo de hijo/a y NSE. La muestra incluyó 72 diadas madre-hijo/a, con un diseño descriptivo, longitudinal, comparativo y correlacional. Se aplicó la Escala de Sensibilidad del Adulto (E.S.A.), un cuestionario sociodemográfico y los cuestionarios de temperamento IBQ-R-VSF y ECBQ-VSF. Los resultados muestran una relación significativa entre la autorregulación de los infantes a los 12 meses, con el tipo de hijo/a que son, y la interacción entre NSE y sensibilidad de las madres. A los 30 meses, en cambio, además de la autorregulación a los 12 meses, solo resulta ser un predictor significativo el tipo de hijo/a. Se discuten las implicancias de los resultados.

Self-regulation refers to the capacity of a child to modify his or her behavior according to environmental demands. It strongly influences child's development, especially in the social sphere. From an evolutionary point of view, self-regulation, viewed as a temperamental characteristic, depends on biological and environmental factors, where the parental figures of the child play a crucial role. In the following study, an analysis of the relationship between mother's sensitivity when her child was 12 months old and the child's self-regulation at 12 months and 30 months of age was made. This was done to analyze if mother's sensitivity predicts child's self-regulation at 30 months of age. Also variables related to the family context were included, considering type of family, type of child and SES. The sample included 72 mother-child dyads, with a descriptive, longitudinal, comparative and correlational design. The Adult Sensitivity Scale, a socio-demographic questionnaire and the temperament questionnaires IBQ-R-VSF and ECBQ-VSF were used to obtain the data. The results show that there is a significant relationship between infants' self-regulation at 12 months, the type of child, and the interaction between SES and maternal sensitivity. At 30 months of age instead, additionally to the self-regulation at 12 months, only the type of child is a significant predictor. Further implications of these results are discussed

Influências familiares no processo de psicoterapia infantil: enurese diurna e noturna: estudo de caso / Family influences in child psychotherapy process: diurnal and nocturnal enuresis: a case study

A enurese pode gerar desconforto físico, comprometimento social e/ou acadêmico. Para alteração do quadro, a família apresenta-se como importante mediadora, possibilitando implementação de rotinas que contribuam para melhora do quadro. Neste estudo apresenta-se um caso clínico de enurese infantil, à luz da Análise Aplicada do Comportamento, descrevendo as contingências de manutenção do quadro e as alterações necessárias no contexto familiar. Trata-se do atendimento de uma menina com oito anos de idade com queixa de enurese diurna e noturna. O caso desenvolveu-se em 52 sessões, em uma clínica escola. A avaliação apontou para intervenção na área de autocuidados, pautando-se principalmente em manejos comportamentais positivos, autorregistro e treino de musculatura pélvica. A mãe atuou como importante mediadora para aquisição de repertórios que possibilitaram maior autocontrole, autocuidados e autonomia da criança, levando a eliminação do quadro enurético.(AU)

Enuresis may cause physical discomfort plus social and/or academic impairment. In this treatment, the family presents itself as an important mediator, enabling implementation of routines that contribute to improvement. In this study we present a case of bedwetting children, from the Applied Behavior Analysis, describing the frame maintenance contingencies and the necessary changes in the family context. This case was about an eight years old girl complaining of diurnal and nocturnal enuresis. Psychological care was provided during 52 sessions held in a school-clinic. Assessment led to interventions related to self-care, based on positive behavioral management strategies, self-registering and pelvic muscle training. The girl's mother was an important mediator for acquisition of repertoires that allowed greater self-control, self-care and child autonomy, leading to elimination of the enuresis.(AU)

A Predictive Model of Domestic Violence in Multicultural Families Focusing on Perpetrator

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess predictor variables of husbands in multicultural families and examine the relationship among variables after setting up a hypothetical model including influencing factors, so as to provide a framework necessary for developing nursing interventions of domestic violence. METHODS: The participants were 260 husbands in multicultural families in four cities in Korea. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0. RESULTS: Self-control, social support, family of origin violence experience and stress on cultural adaptation directly affected to dysfunctional communication, and the explanatory power of the variables was 64.7%. Family of origin violence experience in domestic stress on cultural adaptation, and dysfunctional communication were directly related to domestic violence in multicultural families, and the explanatory power of the variables was 64.6%. We found out that all variables in the model had mediation effects to domestic violence through dysfunctional communication. In other words, self-control and social support had complete mediation effects, and family of origin violence experience in domestic violence and stress on cultural adaptation had partial mediation effects. CONCLUSIONS: The variables explained in this study should be considered as predictive factors of domestic violence in multicultural families, and used to provide preventive nursing intervention. Our resutls can be taken into account for developing and implementing programs on alleviating dysfunctional communication in multicultural families in Korea.

Estratégias de auto-regulação em pré-adolescentes e adolescentes: versão portuguesa do TESQ-E / Self-regulatory strategies in pre-adolescents and adolescents: portuguese version of TESQ-E

ResumoA auto-regulação tem um papel fundamental no comportamento alimentar em crianças e adolescentes face às "tentações" do ambiente. O Tempest Self-Regulation Questionnaire for Eating (TESQ-E; www.tempestproject.eu) é um instrumento de medida da auto-regulação transcultural que foi construído, traduzido e adaptado em nove países europeus, no âmbito do Projeto TEMPEST. Este artigo tem como objetivo o estudo da validação da versão Portuguesa do instrumento. Participaram da amostra 1200 pré-adolescentes e adolescentes Portugueses, com média de idades de 12,5 anos (DP=1,61), entre os nove e os 17 anos de idade, 48,3% rapazes, de diferentes níveis de escolaridade 5º ano (16,8%), 6º ano (19,8%), 7º ano (30,8%), 8º ano (17,8%) e 9º ano (14,9%). A versão portuguesa do instrumento demonstrou boas propriedades métricas, e confirmou a estrutura factorial da versão original: três dimensões, que incluem seis estratégias de auto-regulação, duas em cada dimensão. A dimensão mais popular foi a Manutenção de objectivos de alimentação saudável, e a menos popular, Mudança do sentido atribuído às tentações. Conclui-se que o TESQ-E é um instrumento confiável para estimar as estratégias de auto-regulação em crianças e adolescentes. Orientações psicométricas são apresentadas para a população portuguesa entre os nove e os 17 anos.

AbstractSelf-regulation plays a key role in the eating behavior of children and adolescents, while facing the environment "temptations". The Tempest Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TESQ-E; www.tempestproject.eu) is an instrument for measuring cross-cultural self-regulation. It has been constructed, adapted and translated into nine European Countries within the TEMPEST project. This article aims to study the validation of the Portuguese version of the instrument. The sample includes 1200 Portuguese pre-adolescents and adolescents, of average age 12.5 years (SD = 1.61) between nine and 17 years of age, 48.3% boys, from different educational grades: 5th grade (16.8%), 6th grade (19.8%), 7th grade (30.8%), 8th grade (17.8%) and 9th grade (14.9%). The Portuguese version of the instrument demonstrated good psychometric properties and kept the factor structure of the original version: three dimensions, which include six strategies for self -regulation, two in each dimension. The most popular dimension was Maintaining healthy eating objectives, and the less popular Change the meaning of temptation. The study concluded that the TESQ-E is a reliable instrument to estimate the self-regulation strategies in children and adolescents. Psychometric guidelines are presented to the Portuguese population aged nine to 17 years old.

Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among School-aged Children in Korea: A Meta-Analysis

PURPOSE: This study was a meta-analysis designed to identify effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions in alleviating main symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among school-aged children in Korea. METHODS: Examination of several databases including Research Information Sharing Service, Korean Studies Information Service System, Data Base Periodical Information Academic and hand-searched article references, resulted in identification of 1,298 studies done between 2000 and 2013 of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 was used to analyze effect sizes, explore possible causes of heterogeneity, and check publication bias with a funnel plot and its trim-and-fill analysis. RESULTS: Overall effect size of CBT intervention was large (g=1.08) along with each outcome of self-control (g=1.26), lack of attention (g=1.02), social skills (g=0.92), and hyperactivity (g=0.92). For heterogeneity, moderator analysis was performed, but no significant differences were found between the RCT (Randomized Controlled Trials) group and the NRCT (Non RCT) group. Also, meta-regression was performed using sample size, number of sessions, and length of session as predictors, but no statistically significant moderators were found. Finally, a funnel plot along with trim-and-fill analysis was produced to check for publication bias, but no significant bias was detected. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, there is clear evidence that CBT intervention has significant positive effects on the main symptoms of school-aged children suffering ADHD. Further research is needed to target diverse age groups with ADHD along with more RCT studies to improve the effectiveness of the CBT intervention.

Effects of an Integrated Internet Addiction Prevention Program on Elementary Students' Self-regulation and Internet Addiction

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated internet addiction prevention program and test its effects on the self-regulation and internet addiction of elementary students who are at risk for internet addiction. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=28) or control group (n=28). Contents of the program developed in this study included provision of information about internet addiction, interventions for empowerment and methods of behavioral modification. A pre-test and two post-tests were done to identify the effects of the program and their continuity. Effects were testified using Repeated measures ANOVA, simple effect analysis, and Time Contrast. RESULTS: The self-regulation of the experimental group after the program was significantly higher than the control group. The score for internet addiction self-diagnosis and the internet use time in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group. CONCLUSION: The effects of the integrated internet addiction prevention program for preventing internet addiction in elementary students at risk for internet addiction were validated.